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Allergic rhinitis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by symptoms including sneezing, runny nose and nasal congestion. It is caused by airborne allergens such as pollens, mold spores, dust mites and animal dander.

Antihistamines
Antihistamines are the most common medications for allergic rhinitis. They work by inhibiting the effects of histamine, the chemical responsible for triggering the symptoms.

First-generation antihistamines are non-selective in action and cause drowsiness and other side effects such as blurred vision, constipation and dry mouth. Patients should be reminded not to drive or operate machinery after taking first-generation antihistamines.

Second-generation antihistamines are selective in action and less likely to cause drowsiness. Third-generation antihistamines are derivatives of second-generation antihistamines to further minimize other side effects. For example, Fexofenadine is the active metabolite of Terfenadine with minimized risk of QT prolongation.