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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a male condition in which the prostate gland is enlarged in a non-cancerous way. Prostate gland is a male sexual organ responsible for secreting fluid that nourishes and protects sperms. According to the Centre for Health Protection, BPH affects more than half of all men aged over 60 years and up to 90% of men aged over 80 years. It can lead to symptoms such as urinary frequency and pain during urination.

Alpha blockers
Alpha blockers (e.g. Prazosin, Alfuzosin) are an initial treatment option for patients. It relaxes smooth muscles responsible for urination, resulting in an improvement in urine flow rate and a reduction in BPH symptoms. Alfuzosin is a selective alpha-1 blocker. Compared to the non-selective ones, it has fewer systematic side effects such as hypotension, dizziness and weakness. Alfuzosin can achieve clinically significant improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms without dose titration.

5α-reductase inhibitors
5α-reductase inhibitors (e.g. Finasteride) are another treatment option for those who prefer medical therapy but cannot tolerate alpha-1 adrenergic blockers. They improve symptoms by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This can decrease prostate volume and size and improve urinary flow rate in BPH patients.