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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that infects people of all ages. It is mostly transmitted through direct person-to-person contact, sexual fluid, blood or tissue and perinatal exposure. Most infected patients are asymptomatic and do not have specific symptoms. However, people with immunodeficiency such as transplant recipients and AIDS patients may develop retinitis, colitis, hepatitis, etc.

Antivirals
Valganciclovir is an oral prodrug of ganciclovir. It is the first-line therapy for CMV infections. It is indicated for CMV prophylaxis in transplant recipients and the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients.

Cidofovir is the second-line therapy when resistance to other antivirals for CMV has been detected. It is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients. Due to renal toxicity, it must be used together with probenecid and intravenous saline for prehydration.

It is essential to monitor the blood count, serum creatinine and electrolytes in patients taking antivirals for CMV.